Discover the UK Supreme Court: A Hidden Landmark on Parliament Square
Introduction
On Parliament Square, just across from the Houses of Parliament, stands a remarkable building that is often overlooked by both tourists and Londoners alike. With such prestigious neighbours as Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster, it’s easy to see how it might be missed. Yet this impressive structure is home to one of the most important institutions in the country and the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
A Building Steeped in History
At first glance, the building looks far older than it is. Completed in 1913, it was designed by JGS Gibson & Partners in a neo-Gothic style to harmonise with its grand surroundings. Constructed from Portland stone, a material used in many of London’s notable landmarks, it is adorned with intricate statues and friezes by Henry Fehr and Carlo Magnoni.
However, the building was not originally intended to house the Supreme Court. It began life as the Middlesex Guildhall, home to two courts and the offices of the Middlesex County Council. The historic county of Middlesex ceased to exist in 1965, when Greater London was formed. Still, the name endures and in institutions such as Middlesex Cricket Club and even in some postal addresses. Old habits, it seems, die hard.
From Guildhall to Supreme Court
The building’s next chapter began in 1971, when it became the Middlesex Guildhall Crown Court. Its interior was remodelled to accommodate seven courtrooms and holding cells. Then, in 2003, the Government announced plans to create a Supreme Court for the United Kingdom, seeking a suitable home that would reflect judicial independence and accessibility.
The former Middlesex Guildhall was the perfect choice. Situated close to Parliament and Whitehall, it provided a fitting but independent location and symbolised the separation between the legislature (Parliament), the executive (Government), and the judiciary (the Law Lords). After extensive remodelling, the building reopened in October 2009 as the UK Supreme Court, inaugurated by the late Queen Elizabeth II
The Role of the Supreme Court
Today, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the highest court in the land. It is the final court of appeal for civil cases across the UK and for criminal cases from England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It also hears cases of major public or constitutional significance and those that can shape national law and policy.
In recent years, the Court has made landmark rulings, including the 2019 prorogation of Parliament, which it found unlawful, and a 2025 case defining the legal meaning of “woman” as “biological woman” for the purposes of single-sex spaces. While many of its cases are more technical, they all contribute to shaping the framework of British law.
Architecture and Artistic Details
Even if legal proceedings aren’t your main interest, the building itself is well worth a visit. Inside, you’ll find beautiful design details that celebrate the unity of the four nations of the UK. The striking carpet, designed by artist Peter Blake, features national floral emblems and a rose for England, leek for Wales, thistle for Scotland, and flax flower for Northern Ireland.
The official Supreme Court emblem, created by Yvonne Holton, Herald Painter at the Court of Lord Lyon in Scotland, echoes these same symbols and a subtle reminder of the UK’s shared identity within its highest court.
Visiting the UK Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is open to the public, offering transparency and insight into Britain’s judicial system. Visitors can attend live hearings (which are also live-streamed), explore the displays in the basement, or simply admire the architecture. There’s also a café and a peaceful spot to rest after the bustle of Parliament Square.
Plan Your Visit
If you’re exploring Westminster, the UK Supreme Court makes an excellent stop before or after a London Guided Walks walking tour and such as Wonders of Whitehall or Westminster Suffragettes. Whether you’re interested in the law, architecture, or simply a quieter moment amidst the heart of government, this often-overlooked landmark offers a fascinating glimpse into Britain’s legal heritage.
Key Information
- Main theme: UK Supreme Court London
- Opened: 2009
- Original building: Middlesex Guildhall (1913)
- Architectural style: Neo-Gothic
- Location: Parliament Square, Westminster
- Accessibility: Open to the public; hearings are free to attend
Add It to Your Westminster Itinerary
Should you wish to see for yourself, why not visit before or after one of our London Guided Walks tours?
Attend a hearing, enjoy the art and architecture, or take a coffee break in one of the most remarkable and yet overlooked buildings on Parliament Square.
Book a private tours or guided walks with Jill Dalton.
